In a peer-reviewed comment published on May 15, 2025, the authors Ugo Faraguna (President of Sleepacta), Giuseppe Daniele, Stefano Del Prato, and Angela Dardano (University of Pisa and Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies) highlight the limitations of questionnaire-based approaches and emphasize the importance of objective sleep measurements.

“The subjectivity of self-reported data represents a significant limitation. Objective sleep measurements are more accurate and allow for the collection of more detailed information,” the authors write.

Wearable technologies: an opportunity for precision medicine

The use of medically certified wearable devices now makes it possible to continuously and non-invasively monitor the sleep-wake cycle, improving early identification of irregular sleep patterns, which are already associated with negative metabolic outcomes. Objective data can also be integrated into electronic health records, contributing to what is known as “deep phenotyping”, i.e., a more detailed and personalized characterization of the patient.

The authors draw attention to the need to standardize evaluation protocols, certify devices, and ensure transparency in reporting their limitations, to ensure clinically reliable use of the data collected.

Conclusions and perspectives

Studies investigating the link between objectively measured sleep and metabolic health in women with previous GDM are still scarce, but represent an area of great interest for the personalized prevention of type 2 diabetes.

The comment concludes with a call to the scientific community: integrate objective sleep measures into future clinical studies, to develop more effective and timely intervention strategies.

Sleepacta supports research and clinical practice with DORMI, a medically certified system for objective sleep analysis based on wearable technology. Contact us to learn how to integrate it into your professional practice.

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